Carriers tried to hold onto many application areas themselves too long, and wasted a lot of investment dollars that could have been spent on networks and technology to make them have the best quality and lowest cost box for others to build around. Now that the carriers are in that position, the only real option I see is for operators to acquire technology to expand and leverage the transport box themselves (e.g., ATT / DirectTVNow) or continue to push costs to drive scale up and maximize margin and accept the commodity position wholeheartedly (also not it a carrier’s nature).